a title of the emperor

clēmentĭa, ae, f. [1. clemens].

A calm, tranquil state of the elements, calmness, mildness, tranquillity (like clemens in this signif. mostly post-Aug.):

clementia ventorum, tranquillitas maris,

App. de Deo Socr. p. 52, 1:

soli caelique,

Flor. 3, 3, 18; cf.:

emollit gentes clementia caeli,

Luc. 8, 366:

aestatis,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 5:

hiemis,

Col. 5, 5, 6:

nascentis anni,

id. 11, 3, 9:

diei,

id. 9, 13, 4:

Nili,

Stat. Th. 3, 527.—

(Acc. to clemens, II. B.) Indulgent, forbearing conduct towards the errors and faults of others, moderation, mildness, humanity, forbearance, benignity, clemency, mercy (the class. signif.; very freq., esp. in prose;

syn.: benignitas, comitas, lenitas, mansuetudo, etc.): clementia (est), per quam animi temere in odium alicujus concitati invectio comitate retinetur,

Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 164:

clementia est temperantia animi in potestate ulciscendi, vel lenitas... in constituendis poenis,

Sen. Clem. 2, 3: facilitas et clementia, * Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 7; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 25, 88:

illam clementiam mansuetudinemque nostri imperii tantam in crudelitatem inhumanitatemque esse conversam,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 115; id. Deiot. 15, 43; id. Lig. 3, 10:

lenitas et clementia,

id. Att. 14, 19, 2:

clementia et probitas vestra,

Sall. H. 1, 41, 1 Dietsch; Liv. 3, 58, 4; Ov. M. 8, 57; Quint. 9, 2, 28; Tac. H. 3, 19:

juris,

Quint. 7, 4, 18 Spald., and antith. to jus asperius, id. 9, 2, 90;

opp. severitatem,

Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 4:

elephanti contra minus validos,

Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23:

leonis in supplices,

id. 8, 16, 19, § 48;

and as an attribute of princes,

id. 8, 7, 7, § 48; Vop. Aur. 44; whence a title of the emperors, v. IV.—Less freq.,

Kindness, sympathy:

satrapes violare clementiam quam regis opes minui maluit,

Nep. Alcib. 10, 3.—

Clementia, personified as a deily, the goddess of grace, Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 14; Stat. Th. 12, 482 sq.; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 6 sq.—

A title of the emperor:

Clementia tua,

Your Grace, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 65; Spart. ap. Geta, I. init.

* * *

aeternĭtas, ātis, f. [id.], eternity.

Lit.

Of the past and future:

fuit quaedam ab infinito tempore aeternitas, quam nulla temporum circumscriptio metiebatur,

Cic. N. D. 1, 9: Tempus generale, quia nec initium nec finem habet, aeternitas est, quam Graeci aiôna appellant, Victorin. in Lib. 1, 26:

Tempus est pars quaedam aeternitatis,

Cic. Inv. 1, 26, 39:

immutabilis aeternitas,

id. Tim. 5: deum nihil aliud in omni aeternitate cogitantem, id. Div. 1, 41:

haec dicit excelsus et sublimis (Deus) habitans aeternitatem,

Vulg. Isa. 57, 15 al. —

Of the past: ex or ab aeternitate, from eternity:

hoc est verum ex aeternitate,

Cic. Fat. 14:

quod semper ex omni aeternitate rerum fuerit, id esse fatum (dicitis),

id. N. D. 3, 6:

si negas esse fortunam et omnia, quae fiunt quaeque futura sunt, ex omni aeternitate definita dicis esse fataliter,

id. Div. 2, 7:

ex omni aeternitate fluens veritas,

id. ib. 1, 55:

si nihil fieri potest, nisi quod ab omni aeternitate certum fuerit, quae potest esse fortuna,

id. ib. 2, 7:

egressus ejus ab initio, a diebus aeternitatis (fuerunt),

Vulg. Mich. 5, 2.—

Of the future:

aeternitas animorum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 39 (cf.:

immortalitas animorum,

id. ib. 50):

de aeternitate (animorum) dicere,

id. ib. 33, 81:

quorum (sc. Herculis, etc.) cum remanerent animi atque aeternitate fruerentur, rite di habiti sunt,

id. N. D. 2, 24, 62; id. Sen. 21:

Confer nostram longissimam aetatem cum aeternitate,

id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94:

in diem aeternitatis,

Vulg. 2 Pet. 3, 18; and plur.:

in perpetuas aeternitates,

ib. Dan. 12, 3: in domum aeternitatis suae, to his everlasting home (of death), ib. Eccl. 12, 5.—

Meton., of the future, duration, durability, immortality:

cedri materiae aeternitas,

Plin. 13, 5, 11, § 53.—

Trop., of the future.

In gen.:

mihi populus Romanus aeternitatem immortalitatemque donavit,

Cic. Pis. 3; so id. Phil. 14, 13:

Quidquid ex Agricola amavimus, manet mansurumque est in aeternitate temporum, famā rerum,

Tac. Agr. 46:

cupido aeternitatis perpetuaeque famae,

Suet. Ner. 55 al. —

Spec., in the time of the emperors, a title of the emperor (like divinitas, majestas, and the like), Eternity:

rogatus per aeternitatem tuam, ut, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 10, 87 ad Trajan.:

adoratus aeternitatem nostram, Imp. Const. Cod. 11, 9, 2: Quae nostra sanxit aeternitas,

Nov. 35 fin.

* * *

Caesar, ăris (CAESERIS, C. I. L. 4, 2308; Inscr. Orell. 4205: CAESARVS, C. I. L. 1, 696), m., = Kaisar [a caeso matris utero, Plin. 7, 9, 7, § 47; cf. Non. p. 556, 32:

a caesarie dictus, qui scilicet cum caesarie natus est,

Fest. p. 44; cf. Comment. p. 383. Both etymm. also in Isid. Orig. 9, 3, 12, and Spart. Ael. Ver. 2. Better acc. to Doed. Syn. III. p. 17, from caesius, caeruleus, the color of the skin; cf. Rufus], a cognomen in the gens Julia. Of these the most celebrated, C.Julius Caesar, distinguished as general, orator, statesman, and author, was assassinated by Brutus and Cassius, B.C. 44. After him all the emperors bore the name Caesar, with the title Augustus, until, under Adrian, this difference arose: Augustus designated the ruling emperor; Caesar, the heir to the throne, the crown-prince, etc., Spart. Ael. Ver. 1, § 2; Aur. Vict. Caes. 13, § 12.—

Derivv.

Caesărīnus, a, um, adj., of or relating to the triumvir Julius Cœsar, Cœsarian:

celeritas,

Cic. Att. 16, 10, 1 Orell. N.cr. —

Caesărĭānus, a, um, adj.

Of the triumvir Cœsar, Cœsarian:

bellum civile,

Nep. Att. 7, 1.— Hence, Caesărĭāni, ōrum, m., the adherents of Cœsar in the civil war (as Pompeiani, his opponents), Hirt. B. Afr. 13: orationes, orations of Cicero in which Cœsar was praised (pro Marcello, Deiotaro, De Provinciis Consularibus, etc.), Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 131.—

Imperial, Vop. Carin. init.:

Pallas (esp. honored by Domitian),

Mart. 8, 1.—Hence, subst.

Caesărĭāni, ōrum, m.

A class of provincial imperial officers, Cod. Just. 10, 1, 5; 10, 1, 7; Cod. Th. 10, 7.—

Partisans of Cœsar, Auct. B. Afr. 13; Flor. 4, 3.—

Caesărĭānum, i, n., a kind of eye-salve, Cels. 6, 6, n. 27.—

Caesă-rĕus, a, um, adj.

Of or pertaining to the triumvir Cœsar, Cœsarian (mostly poet.):

sanguis,

Ov. M. 1, 201:

Penates,

id. ib. 15, 864:

Vesta,

id. ib. 15, 865:

forum,

founded by him, Stat. S. 1, 1, 85.—

Imperial:

amphitheatrum,

built by the emperor Domitian, Mart. Spect. 1, 7:

leones,

presented by Domitian in the fight of wild beasts, id. Epigr. 1, 7, 3.

Caesar, ăris (CAESERIS, C. I. L. 4, 2308; Inscr. Orell. 4205: CAESARVS, C. I. L. 1, 696), m., = Kaisar [a caeso matris utero, Plin. 7, 9, 7, § 47; cf. Non. p. 556, 32:

a caesarie dictus, qui scilicet cum caesarie natus est,

Fest. p. 44; cf. Comment. p. 383. Both etymm. also in Isid. Orig. 9, 3, 12, and Spart. Ael. Ver. 2. Better acc. to Doed. Syn. III. p. 17, from caesius, caeruleus, the color of the skin; cf. Rufus], a cognomen in the gens Julia. Of these the most celebrated, C.Julius Caesar, distinguished as general, orator, statesman, and author, was assassinated by Brutus and Cassius, B.C. 44. After him all the emperors bore the name Caesar, with the title Augustus, until, under Adrian, this difference arose: Augustus designated the ruling emperor; Caesar, the heir to the throne, the crown-prince, etc., Spart. Ael. Ver. 1, § 2; Aur. Vict. Caes. 13, § 12.—

Derivv.

Caesărīnus, a, um, adj., of or relating to the triumvir Julius Cœsar, Cœsarian:

celeritas,

Cic. Att. 16, 10, 1 Orell. N.cr. —

Caesărĭānus, a, um, adj.

Of the triumvir Cœsar, Cœsarian:

bellum civile,

Nep. Att. 7, 1.— Hence, Caesărĭāni, ōrum, m., the adherents of Cœsar in the civil war (as Pompeiani, his opponents), Hirt. B. Afr. 13: orationes, orations of Cicero in which Cœsar was praised (pro Marcello, Deiotaro, De Provinciis Consularibus, etc.), Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 131.—

Imperial, Vop. Carin. init.:

Pallas (esp. honored by Domitian),

Mart. 8, 1.—Hence, subst.

Caesărĭāni, ōrum, m.

A class of provincial imperial officers, Cod. Just. 10, 1, 5; 10, 1, 7; Cod. Th. 10, 7.—

Partisans of Cœsar, Auct. B. Afr. 13; Flor. 4, 3.—

Caesărĭānum, i, n., a kind of eye-salve, Cels. 6, 6, n. 27.—

Caesă-rĕus, a, um, adj.

Of or pertaining to the triumvir Cœsar, Cœsarian (mostly poet.):

sanguis,

Ov. M. 1, 201:

Penates,

id. ib. 15, 864:

Vesta,

id. ib. 15, 865:

forum,

founded by him, Stat. S. 1, 1, 85.—

Imperial:

amphitheatrum,

built by the emperor Domitian, Mart. Spect. 1, 7:

leones,

presented by Domitian in the fight of wild beasts, id. Epigr. 1, 7, 3.

Caesar, ăris (CAESERIS, C. I. L. 4, 2308; Inscr. Orell. 4205: CAESARVS, C. I. L. 1, 696), m., = Kaisar [a caeso matris utero, Plin. 7, 9, 7, § 47; cf. Non. p. 556, 32:

a caesarie dictus, qui scilicet cum caesarie natus est,

Fest. p. 44; cf. Comment. p. 383. Both etymm. also in Isid. Orig. 9, 3, 12, and Spart. Ael. Ver. 2. Better acc. to Doed. Syn. III. p. 17, from caesius, caeruleus, the color of the skin; cf. Rufus], a cognomen in the gens Julia. Of these the most celebrated, C.Julius Caesar, distinguished as general, orator, statesman, and author, was assassinated by Brutus and Cassius, B.C. 44. After him all the emperors bore the name Caesar, with the title Augustus, until, under Adrian, this difference arose: Augustus designated the ruling emperor; Caesar, the heir to the throne, the crown-prince, etc., Spart. Ael. Ver. 1, § 2; Aur. Vict. Caes. 13, § 12.—

Derivv.

Caesărīnus, a, um, adj., of or relating to the triumvir Julius Cœsar, Cœsarian:

celeritas,

Cic. Att. 16, 10, 1 Orell. N.cr. —

Caesărĭānus, a, um, adj.

Of the triumvir Cœsar, Cœsarian:

bellum civile,

Nep. Att. 7, 1.— Hence, Caesărĭāni, ōrum, m., the adherents of Cœsar in the civil war (as Pompeiani, his opponents), Hirt. B. Afr. 13: orationes, orations of Cicero in which Cœsar was praised (pro Marcello, Deiotaro, De Provinciis Consularibus, etc.), Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 131.—

Imperial, Vop. Carin. init.:

Pallas (esp. honored by Domitian),

Mart. 8, 1.—Hence, subst.

Caesărĭāni, ōrum, m.

A class of provincial imperial officers, Cod. Just. 10, 1, 5; 10, 1, 7; Cod. Th. 10, 7.—

Partisans of Cœsar, Auct. B. Afr. 13; Flor. 4, 3.—

Caesărĭānum, i, n., a kind of eye-salve, Cels. 6, 6, n. 27.—

Caesă-rĕus, a, um, adj.

Of or pertaining to the triumvir Cœsar, Cœsarian (mostly poet.):

sanguis,

Ov. M. 1, 201:

Penates,

id. ib. 15, 864:

Vesta,

id. ib. 15, 865:

forum,

founded by him, Stat. S. 1, 1, 85.—

Imperial:

amphitheatrum,

built by the emperor Domitian, Mart. Spect. 1, 7:

leones,

presented by Domitian in the fight of wild beasts, id. Epigr. 1, 7, 3.

* * *

impĕrātor ( inp-), ōris (archaic form induperator, Enn. Ann. v. 86; 332; 350; 552 Vahl.; Lucr. 4, 967; 5, 1227; cf. 1. init.; but in Enn. also imperator, Trag. v. 34 Vahl.), m. [id.].

Orig., milit. t. t., a commander-in-chief, general, = stratêgos (cf.: dux, ductor).

In gen.: si forte quaereretur, quae esset ars imperatoris, constituendum putarem principio, quis esset imperator: qui cum esset constitutus administrator quidam belli gerendi, tum adjungeremus de exercitu, de castris, etc.... de reliquis rebus, quae essent propriae belli administrandi: quarum qui essent animo et scientia compotes, eos esse imperatores dicerem, utererque exemplis Africanorum et Maximorum;

Epaminondam atque Hannibalem atque ejus generis homines nominarem,

Cic. de Or. 1, 48, 210:

aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,

Caes. B. C. 3, 51, 4:

sapiens et callidus imperator,

Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 58:

bonus ac fortis,

id. de Or. 2, 44, 187; cf.:

egregie fortis et bonus,

id. ib. 2, 66, 268:

eosdem labores non aeque esse graves imperatori et militi,

id. Tusc. 2, 26, 62:

ego sic existimo in summo imperatore quatuor has res inesse oportere, scientiam rei militaris, virtutem, auctoritatem, felicitatem, etc.,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

unum ad id bellum imperatorem deposci,

id. ib. 2, 5:

nomen invicti imperatoris,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 38, § 82:

Themistocles... imperator bello Persico,

id. Lael. 12, 42:

cum pro se quisque in conspectu imperatoris... operam navare cuperet,

Caes. B. G. 2, 25 fin.: insece, Musa, manu Romanorum induperator Quod quisque in bello gessit cum rege Philippo, Enn. ap. Gell. 18, 9, 3 (Ann. v. 332 Vahl.):

induperatores pugnare ac proelia obire,

Lucr. 4, 967.—As a title, placed after the name:

M. Cicero S. D. C. Antonio M. F. Imp.,

Cic. Fam. 5, 5 inscr.:

Cn. Pompeio Cn. F. Magno Imperatori,

id. ib. 5, 7 inscr.:

Vatinio Imp. S.,

id. ib. 5, 11 et saep. —

In partic., pregn., in the times of the republic, a title of honor conferred on a general after any important victory:

his rebus gestis Curio se in castra ad Bagradam recepit, atque universi exercitus conclamatione Imperator appellatur,

Caes. B. C. 2, 26, 1; cf.:

Pompeius eo proelio Imperator est appellatus,

id. ib. 3, 71, 3; Cic. Phil. 14, 4, 11; 14, 5, 12; Caes. B. C. 3, 31, 1; Liv. 27, 19, 4; Inscr. Orell. 542; 3417 sq. (cf. also Plin. Pan. 12, 1).—

Transf. beyond the milit. sphere.

In gen., a commander, leader, chief, director, ruler, master:

(Romani) immutato more annua imperia, binos imperatores sibi fecere,

i. e. consuls, Sall. C. 6, 7:

(vis venti) Induperatorem classis super aequora verrit,

admiral, Lucr. 5, 1227:

imperator histricus,

director, manager, Plaut. Poen. prol. 4:

di te servassint semper... salus interioris hominis amorisque inperator,

id. As. 3, 3, 66:

familiae,

id. Capt. 2, 2, 57: nolo eundem populum imperatorem et portitorem esse terrarum, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 24, 22 (Rep. 4, 7 Mos.):

dux et imperator vitae mortalium animus est,

Sall. J. 1, 3:

vitae nostrae necisque,

Plin. 29, 1, 5, § 11.—

In partic.

An epithet of Jupiter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 129:

signum Jovis Imperatoris,

Liv. 6, 29, 8.—

The conqueror at a game of chess, Vop. Proc. 13, 2.—

The title of the Roman emperors, placed either before or after the name (cf. I.);

before it,

Suet. Caes. 76; Claud. 12; 26:

IMP. CAESARI DIVI IVLI F.,

Inscr. Orell. 596; so ib. 597; 600; 602; 604 sq.;

after it,

Suet. Oth. 2; Plin. 5, 2, 1, § 20; Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 9; 4, 17, 8; 4, 22, 4.—Hence afterwards absol.:

Imperator,

a Roman emperor, Tac. A. 3, 74:

velut praesagium insequentis casus, quo medius inter utriusque filios exstitit Imperator,

Suet. Galb. 6; id. Claud. 13; 29; id. Galb. 3, 6, 20; id. Vit. 3 et saep.

impĕrātor ( inp-), ōris (archaic form induperator, Enn. Ann. v. 86; 332; 350; 552 Vahl.; Lucr. 4, 967; 5, 1227; cf. 1. init.; but in Enn. also imperator, Trag. v. 34 Vahl.), m. [id.].

Orig., milit. t. t., a commander-in-chief, general, = stratêgos (cf.: dux, ductor).

In gen.: si forte quaereretur, quae esset ars imperatoris, constituendum putarem principio, quis esset imperator: qui cum esset constitutus administrator quidam belli gerendi, tum adjungeremus de exercitu, de castris, etc.... de reliquis rebus, quae essent propriae belli administrandi: quarum qui essent animo et scientia compotes, eos esse imperatores dicerem, utererque exemplis Africanorum et Maximorum;

Epaminondam atque Hannibalem atque ejus generis homines nominarem,

Cic. de Or. 1, 48, 210:

aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,

Caes. B. C. 3, 51, 4:

sapiens et callidus imperator,

Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 58:

bonus ac fortis,

id. de Or. 2, 44, 187; cf.:

egregie fortis et bonus,

id. ib. 2, 66, 268:

eosdem labores non aeque esse graves imperatori et militi,

id. Tusc. 2, 26, 62:

ego sic existimo in summo imperatore quatuor has res inesse oportere, scientiam rei militaris, virtutem, auctoritatem, felicitatem, etc.,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

unum ad id bellum imperatorem deposci,

id. ib. 2, 5:

nomen invicti imperatoris,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 38, § 82:

Themistocles... imperator bello Persico,

id. Lael. 12, 42:

cum pro se quisque in conspectu imperatoris... operam navare cuperet,

Caes. B. G. 2, 25 fin.: insece, Musa, manu Romanorum induperator Quod quisque in bello gessit cum rege Philippo, Enn. ap. Gell. 18, 9, 3 (Ann. v. 332 Vahl.):

induperatores pugnare ac proelia obire,

Lucr. 4, 967.—As a title, placed after the name:

M. Cicero S. D. C. Antonio M. F. Imp.,

Cic. Fam. 5, 5 inscr.:

Cn. Pompeio Cn. F. Magno Imperatori,

id. ib. 5, 7 inscr.:

Vatinio Imp. S.,

id. ib. 5, 11 et saep. —

In partic., pregn., in the times of the republic, a title of honor conferred on a general after any important victory:

his rebus gestis Curio se in castra ad Bagradam recepit, atque universi exercitus conclamatione Imperator appellatur,

Caes. B. C. 2, 26, 1; cf.:

Pompeius eo proelio Imperator est appellatus,

id. ib. 3, 71, 3; Cic. Phil. 14, 4, 11; 14, 5, 12; Caes. B. C. 3, 31, 1; Liv. 27, 19, 4; Inscr. Orell. 542; 3417 sq. (cf. also Plin. Pan. 12, 1).—

Transf. beyond the milit. sphere.

In gen., a commander, leader, chief, director, ruler, master:

(Romani) immutato more annua imperia, binos imperatores sibi fecere,

i. e. consuls, Sall. C. 6, 7:

(vis venti) Induperatorem classis super aequora verrit,

admiral, Lucr. 5, 1227:

imperator histricus,

director, manager, Plaut. Poen. prol. 4:

di te servassint semper... salus interioris hominis amorisque inperator,

id. As. 3, 3, 66:

familiae,

id. Capt. 2, 2, 57: nolo eundem populum imperatorem et portitorem esse terrarum, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 24, 22 (Rep. 4, 7 Mos.):

dux et imperator vitae mortalium animus est,

Sall. J. 1, 3:

vitae nostrae necisque,

Plin. 29, 1, 5, § 11.—

In partic.

An epithet of Jupiter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 129:

signum Jovis Imperatoris,

Liv. 6, 29, 8.—

The conqueror at a game of chess, Vop. Proc. 13, 2.—

The title of the Roman emperors, placed either before or after the name (cf. I.);

before it,

Suet. Caes. 76; Claud. 12; 26:

IMP. CAESARI DIVI IVLI F.,

Inscr. Orell. 596; so ib. 597; 600; 602; 604 sq.;

after it,

Suet. Oth. 2; Plin. 5, 2, 1, § 20; Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 9; 4, 17, 8; 4, 22, 4.—Hence afterwards absol.:

Imperator,

a Roman emperor, Tac. A. 3, 74:

velut praesagium insequentis casus, quo medius inter utriusque filios exstitit Imperator,

Suet. Galb. 6; id. Claud. 13; 29; id. Galb. 3, 6, 20; id. Vit. 3 et saep.

quaestor (old orthogr., QVAISTOR, Epit. of the Scipios, et saep.), ōris, m. [contr. from quaesitor, from quaero], a quætor, the title of a class of Roman magistrates, some of whom had charge of the pecuniary affairs of the State, while others conducted certain criminal trials (but only, it would seem, as delegates or commissioners of the people):

quaestores a quaerendo, qui conquirerent publicas pecunias et maleficia, quae triumviri capitales nunc conquirunt: ab his postea, qui quaestionum judicia exercent, quaestores dicti,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 81 Müll.:

et quia de capite civis Romani injussu populi non erat lege permissum consulibus jus dicere, propterea quaestores constituebantur a populo, qui capitalibus rebus praeessent: hique appellabantur quaestores parricidii, quorum etiam meminit lex duodecim tabularum,

Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 23; cf.: parricidii quaestores appellabantur, qui solebant creari causā rerum capitalium quaerendarum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 221 Müll. (cf. Fest. p. 258, 31). But they were commonly called simply quaestores, Liv. 2, 41, 11; 3, 24, 3; Cic. Rep. 2, 35, 60.— As a standing magistracy, the quæstors were treasurers of State, treasurers. They distributed their duties among themselves by lot, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 34; id. Mur. 8, 18. Of these the quaestor urbanus or aerarii, who remained at Rome, took charge of the treasury, of the [p. 1503] public revenues and expenditures, of the standards deposited in the aerarium, etc., Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 2; Cic. Har. Resp. 20, 43; id. Verr. 1, 4, 11; Liv. 7, 23; 26, 47; Val. Max. 5, 1, 1; Tac. A. 13, 28. The quæstors appointed as assistants to the consuls or prætors for the provinces, called quaestores provinciales or militares, provided for the payment and provisioning of the troops, collected the imposts, and, in the absence of the governor, acted in his stead, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61; id. Planc. 11, 28; id. Sen. 10, 32; Liv. 26, 47. Service in the higher offices of State began with the quæstorship, the lowest of them which conferred a seat in the Senate, to which no one was legally eligible before the age of twenty-five, Tac. A. 11, 22. Augustus instituted a new sort of quæstors, quaestores candidati or principis (Caesaris), who conveyed the imperial messages to the Senate, Plin. Ep. 7, 16, 2; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 43, 3:

oratio principis per quaestorem ejus audita est,

Tac. A. 16, 27; Dig. 1, 13, 1; cf. candidatus, 2. The emperor Constantine appointed quaestores palatii or chancellors, Cod. Th. 1, 8; 6, 9; 7, 62, 32; Cassiod. Var. 6, 5;

called QVAESTOR INTRA PALATIVM,

Inscr. Orell. 1188.—

Trop.:

quaestor non imperii, sed doloris mei,

Cic. Red. in Sen. 14, 35 (bracketed as dub. by B. and K.).

pā̆trĭcĭus ( pā̆trĭtĭus, Aug. Mon. Ancyr.), a, um, adj. [patres], of the rank or dignity of the patres; belonging to the patricians, patrician, noble (cf. nobilis):

patricii pueri,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 4, 5:

familia,

Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6; Vell. 2, 59, 2: gens, Juv. 10, 332:

sanguis,

Pers. 1, 61:

ostrum,

Stat. S. 1, 4, 97: Patricius Vicus Romae dictus eo, quod ibi patricii habitaverunt (the mod. Via Urbana), Fest. p. 221 Müll.—

Subst.: pā̆trĭcĭus, i (usu. plur., pā̆trĭcĭi, ōrum), m., a patrician, a member of the Roman nobility, divided into patricii majorum and minorum gentium (of the older and younger families):

olim patricii dicebant, plebiscitis se non teneri,

Gai. Inst. 1, 3:

patres ab honore, patriciique progenies eorum appellati,

Liv. 1, 8 fin.:

patricios Cincius ait appellari solitos, qui nunc ingenui vocentur,

Fest. p. 241 Müll.; Cic. Caecin. 35, 101:

patricii minorum gentium,

id. Fam. 9, 21, 2:

(Sulla) primus e patriciis Corneliis igni voluit cremari,

of the Cornelian patricians, id. Leg. 2, 22, 57:

exire e patriciis,

to pass, by adoption, into a plebeian family, id. Dom. 14, 37; Juv. 8, 190; 1, 24.—In sing.:

nisi qui patricius sit,

Cic. Mur. 7, 15; id. Brut. 16, 62.—

From the time of the emperor Constantine, patricius became the title of a person high in office at court, Inscr. Grut. 1076, 2; Sid. 2, 90.

pā̆trĭcĭus ( pā̆trĭtĭus, Aug. Mon. Ancyr.), a, um, adj. [patres], of the rank or dignity of the patres; belonging to the patricians, patrician, noble (cf. nobilis):

patricii pueri,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 4, 5:

familia,

Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6; Vell. 2, 59, 2: gens, Juv. 10, 332:

sanguis,

Pers. 1, 61:

ostrum,

Stat. S. 1, 4, 97: Patricius Vicus Romae dictus eo, quod ibi patricii habitaverunt (the mod. Via Urbana), Fest. p. 221 Müll.—

Subst.: pā̆trĭcĭus, i (usu. plur., pā̆trĭcĭi, ōrum), m., a patrician, a member of the Roman nobility, divided into patricii majorum and minorum gentium (of the older and younger families):

olim patricii dicebant, plebiscitis se non teneri,

Gai. Inst. 1, 3:

patres ab honore, patriciique progenies eorum appellati,

Liv. 1, 8 fin.:

patricios Cincius ait appellari solitos, qui nunc ingenui vocentur,

Fest. p. 241 Müll.; Cic. Caecin. 35, 101:

patricii minorum gentium,

id. Fam. 9, 21, 2:

(Sulla) primus e patriciis Corneliis igni voluit cremari,

of the Cornelian patricians, id. Leg. 2, 22, 57:

exire e patriciis,

to pass, by adoption, into a plebeian family, id. Dom. 14, 37; Juv. 8, 190; 1, 24.—In sing.:

nisi qui patricius sit,

Cic. Mur. 7, 15; id. Brut. 16, 62.—

From the time of the emperor Constantine, patricius became the title of a person high in office at court, Inscr. Grut. 1076, 2; Sid. 2, 90.

Ājax, ācis, m., = Aias, the name of two Greeks renowned for their bravery.

Ajax Telamonius, son of Telamon, who contended with Ulysses for the possession of the arms of Achilles, and, when the former obtained them, became insane and killed himself. From his blood the hyacinth sprang up, Ov. M. 13, 395.—

Ajax Oileus, son of Oileus, king of the Locri, who violated Cassandra, Verg. A. 1, 41; Cic. de Or. 2, 66.—

The title of an unfinished tragedy of the emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 85.

dĭgammon, i, or dĭgamma, ătis, n., also dĭgammos, i, f. (sc. littera), = digammon (sc. stoicheion) or digamma, the Aeolic double gamma or digamma (W), represented in Latin sometimes by V, sometimes by F, which, written upside down, thus, F, the Emperor Claudius wished to substitute for both F and V, Quint. 1, 7, 27; cf. Tac. A. 11, 14; Suet. Claud. 41 (v. the letters F and V).

Digammon, Quint. 1, 4, 7 Zumpt and Meyer N. cr.; Prob. Verg. G. 1, 70; Don. p. 1736 P. Lind. N. cr.; Cassiod. p. 2292 P.—

Digammos littera, Ter. Maur. p. 2387 P.;

and simply digammos,

Serv. Aen. 1, 292; 642; 6, 359; Pompei. ad Don. p. 21 Lind. N. cr. —

Digamma, Prisc. p. 542 P.; 545 fin. ib.; 709 ib. al.—

Used jestingly to denote an incomebook (from the title Fundorum reditus, the first letter of which is a digamma), Cic. Att. 9, 9, 4.

dĭgammon, i, or dĭgamma, ătis, n., also dĭgammos, i, f. (sc. littera), = digammon (sc. stoicheion) or digamma, the Aeolic double gamma or digamma (W), represented in Latin sometimes by V, sometimes by F, which, written upside down, thus, F, the Emperor Claudius wished to substitute for both F and V, Quint. 1, 7, 27; cf. Tac. A. 11, 14; Suet. Claud. 41 (v. the letters F and V).

Digammon, Quint. 1, 4, 7 Zumpt and Meyer N. cr.; Prob. Verg. G. 1, 70; Don. p. 1736 P. Lind. N. cr.; Cassiod. p. 2292 P.—

Digammos littera, Ter. Maur. p. 2387 P.;

and simply digammos,

Serv. Aen. 1, 292; 642; 6, 359; Pompei. ad Don. p. 21 Lind. N. cr. —

Digamma, Prisc. p. 542 P.; 545 fin. ib.; 709 ib. al.—

Used jestingly to denote an incomebook (from the title Fundorum reditus, the first letter of which is a digamma), Cic. Att. 9, 9, 4.

dĭgammon, i, or dĭgamma, ătis, n., also dĭgammos, i, f. (sc. littera), = digammon (sc. stoicheion) or digamma, the Aeolic double gamma or digamma (W), represented in Latin sometimes by V, sometimes by F, which, written upside down, thus, F, the Emperor Claudius wished to substitute for both F and V, Quint. 1, 7, 27; cf. Tac. A. 11, 14; Suet. Claud. 41 (v. the letters F and V).

Digammon, Quint. 1, 4, 7 Zumpt and Meyer N. cr.; Prob. Verg. G. 1, 70; Don. p. 1736 P. Lind. N. cr.; Cassiod. p. 2292 P.—

Digammos littera, Ter. Maur. p. 2387 P.;

and simply digammos,

Serv. Aen. 1, 292; 642; 6, 359; Pompei. ad Don. p. 21 Lind. N. cr. —

Digamma, Prisc. p. 542 P.; 545 fin. ib.; 709 ib. al.—

Used jestingly to denote an incomebook (from the title Fundorum reditus, the first letter of which is a digamma), Cic. Att. 9, 9, 4.

sĕrēnus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. svar, sky; Gr. Seirios; cf. selas; Lat. sol], clear, fair, bright, serene (class.; esp. freq. in the poets; cf. sudus).

Lit.: cum tonuit laevum bene tempestate serenā, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 39, 82 (Ann. v. 517 Vahl.):

caelo sereno,

Lucr. 6, 247; Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2; Verg. G. 1, 260; 1, 487; id. A. 3, 518; Hor. Epod. 15, 1; id. S. 2, 4, 51; Ov. M. 1, 168; 2, 321 et saep.; cf.:

de parte caeli,

Lucr. 6, 99:

in regione caeli,

Verg. A. 8, 528.— Comp.:

caelo perfruitur sereniore,

Mart. 4, 64, 6; cf.

also: o nimium caelo et pelago confise sereno,

Verg. A. 5, 870:

postquam ex tam turbido die serena et tranquilla lux rediit,

Liv. 1, 16, 2:

luce,

Verg. A. 5, 104:

lumen (solis),

Lucr. 2, 150:

nox,

id. 1, 142; Cic. Rep. 1, 15, 23; Verg. G. 1, 426:

sidera,

Lucr. 4, 212:

facies diei,

Phaedr. 4, 16, 5:

species mundi,

Lucr. 4, 134:

aër,

Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 222:

ver,

Verg. G. 1, 340:

aestas,

id. A. 6, 707:

stella,

Ov. F. 6, 718 et saep.:

color (opp. nubilus),

bright, clear, Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 107:

aqua (with candida),

Mart. 6, 42, 19:

vox,

Pers. 1, 19.— Transf., of a wind that clears the sky, that brings fair weather: hic Favonius serenu'st, istic Auster imbricus, * Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 35; hence, also, poet.:

unde serenas Ventus agat nubes,

Verg. G. 1, 461.—

As subst.: sĕrēnum, i, n., a clear, bright, or serene sky, fair weather (not in Cic.):

ponito pocillum in sereno noctu,

during a fine night, Cato, R. R. 156, 3;

more freq. simply sereno: Priverni sereno per diem totum rubrum solem fuisse,

Liv. 31, 12, 5; 37, 3, 2:

quare et sereno tonat,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 18; Plin. 11, 24, 28, § 84 (opp. nubilo), Pall. 1, 30, 3; Luc. 1, 530:

liquido ac puro sereno,

Suet. Aug. 95:

nitido sereno,

Sil. 5, 58:

cottidie serenum cum est,

Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 4:

laesique fides reditura sereni,

Stat. S. 3, 1, 81:

serenum nitidum micat,

Mart. 6, 42, 8.— Plur.:

caeli serena Concutiat sonitu,

Lucr. 2, 1100:

soles et aperta serena,

Verg. G. 1, 393:

nostra,

Val. Fl. 1, 332.—

Trop.

Cheerful, glad, joyous, tranquil, serene (syn.:

laetus, tranquillus, secundus): vita,

Lucr. 2, 1094 Lachm.:

horae (with albus dies),

Sil. 15, 53: rebus serenis servare modum, in propitious or favorable circumstances, in good fortune, id. 8, 546:

vultus,

Lucr. 3, 293; Cat. 55, 8; Hor. C. 1, 37, 26; Ov. Tr. 1, 5, 27:

frons tranquilla et serena,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 15, 31:

pectora processu facta serena tuo,

Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 40:

animus,

id. ib. 1, 1, 39:

oculi,

Sil. 7, 461:

Augustus,

Ov. P. 2, 2, 65:

laetitia,

Just. 44, 2, 4:

imperium,

Sil. 14, 80:

res,

id. 8, 546:

sereno vitae tempore,

Auct. Her. 4, 48, 61:

vita,

Lucr. 2, 1094:

temperatus (sanguis) medium quoddam serenum efficit,

Quint. 11, 3, 78; cf.:

tandem aliquid, pulsā curarum nube serenum Vidi,

Ov. P. 2, 1, 5.—

SERENVS, an epithet of Jupiter (whose brow was always serene), Inscr. Murat. 1978, 5; cf. Serenator;

hence, Martial calls Domitian: Jovem serenum,

Mart. 5, 6, 9; 9, 25, 3.—

Serenissimus, a title of the Roman emperors, Cod. Just. 5, 4, 23.

Sĕrēnus, i, m.; Sĕrēna, ae, f. [1. serenus], a proper name.

Q. Serenus Sammonicus, a physician under Septimius Severus, Spart. Get. 5, 5; Macr. 3, 16, 6.—

Q. Serenus Sammonicus, son of the preceding, author of a poem, De Medicina, still extant, Lampr. Alex. 30, 2; cf. Teuffel's Roem. Lit. 379, 4.—

Serena, the wife of Stilicho, and mother-in-law of the emperor Honorius, celebrated by Claudian in a special poem (Laus Serenae Reginae).

sĕrēnus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. svar, sky; Gr. Seirios; cf. selas; Lat. sol], clear, fair, bright, serene (class.; esp. freq. in the poets; cf. sudus).

Lit.: cum tonuit laevum bene tempestate serenā, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 39, 82 (Ann. v. 517 Vahl.):

caelo sereno,

Lucr. 6, 247; Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2; Verg. G. 1, 260; 1, 487; id. A. 3, 518; Hor. Epod. 15, 1; id. S. 2, 4, 51; Ov. M. 1, 168; 2, 321 et saep.; cf.:

de parte caeli,

Lucr. 6, 99:

in regione caeli,

Verg. A. 8, 528.— Comp.:

caelo perfruitur sereniore,

Mart. 4, 64, 6; cf.

also: o nimium caelo et pelago confise sereno,

Verg. A. 5, 870:

postquam ex tam turbido die serena et tranquilla lux rediit,

Liv. 1, 16, 2:

luce,

Verg. A. 5, 104:

lumen (solis),

Lucr. 2, 150:

nox,

id. 1, 142; Cic. Rep. 1, 15, 23; Verg. G. 1, 426:

sidera,

Lucr. 4, 212:

facies diei,

Phaedr. 4, 16, 5:

species mundi,

Lucr. 4, 134:

aër,

Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 222:

ver,

Verg. G. 1, 340:

aestas,

id. A. 6, 707:

stella,

Ov. F. 6, 718 et saep.:

color (opp. nubilus),

bright, clear, Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 107:

aqua (with candida),

Mart. 6, 42, 19:

vox,

Pers. 1, 19.— Transf., of a wind that clears the sky, that brings fair weather: hic Favonius serenu'st, istic Auster imbricus, * Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 35; hence, also, poet.:

unde serenas Ventus agat nubes,

Verg. G. 1, 461.—

As subst.: sĕrēnum, i, n., a clear, bright, or serene sky, fair weather (not in Cic.):

ponito pocillum in sereno noctu,

during a fine night, Cato, R. R. 156, 3;

more freq. simply sereno: Priverni sereno per diem totum rubrum solem fuisse,

Liv. 31, 12, 5; 37, 3, 2:

quare et sereno tonat,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 18; Plin. 11, 24, 28, § 84 (opp. nubilo), Pall. 1, 30, 3; Luc. 1, 530:

liquido ac puro sereno,

Suet. Aug. 95:

nitido sereno,

Sil. 5, 58:

cottidie serenum cum est,

Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 4:

laesique fides reditura sereni,

Stat. S. 3, 1, 81:

serenum nitidum micat,

Mart. 6, 42, 8.— Plur.:

caeli serena Concutiat sonitu,

Lucr. 2, 1100:

soles et aperta serena,

Verg. G. 1, 393:

nostra,

Val. Fl. 1, 332.—

Trop.

Cheerful, glad, joyous, tranquil, serene (syn.:

laetus, tranquillus, secundus): vita,

Lucr. 2, 1094 Lachm.:

horae (with albus dies),

Sil. 15, 53: rebus serenis servare modum, in propitious or favorable circumstances, in good fortune, id. 8, 546:

vultus,

Lucr. 3, 293; Cat. 55, 8; Hor. C. 1, 37, 26; Ov. Tr. 1, 5, 27:

frons tranquilla et serena,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 15, 31:

pectora processu facta serena tuo,

Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 40:

animus,

id. ib. 1, 1, 39:

oculi,

Sil. 7, 461:

Augustus,

Ov. P. 2, 2, 65:

laetitia,

Just. 44, 2, 4:

imperium,

Sil. 14, 80:

res,

id. 8, 546:

sereno vitae tempore,

Auct. Her. 4, 48, 61:

vita,

Lucr. 2, 1094:

temperatus (sanguis) medium quoddam serenum efficit,

Quint. 11, 3, 78; cf.:

tandem aliquid, pulsā curarum nube serenum Vidi,

Ov. P. 2, 1, 5.—

SERENVS, an epithet of Jupiter (whose brow was always serene), Inscr. Murat. 1978, 5; cf. Serenator;

hence, Martial calls Domitian: Jovem serenum,

Mart. 5, 6, 9; 9, 25, 3.—

Serenissimus, a title of the Roman emperors, Cod. Just. 5, 4, 23.

Sĕrēnus, i, m.; Sĕrēna, ae, f. [1. serenus], a proper name.

Q. Serenus Sammonicus, a physician under Septimius Severus, Spart. Get. 5, 5; Macr. 3, 16, 6.—

Q. Serenus Sammonicus, son of the preceding, author of a poem, De Medicina, still extant, Lampr. Alex. 30, 2; cf. Teuffel's Roem. Lit. 379, 4.—

Serena, the wife of Stilicho, and mother-in-law of the emperor Honorius, celebrated by Claudian in a special poem (Laus Serenae Reginae).

sĕrēnus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. svar, sky; Gr. Seirios; cf. selas; Lat. sol], clear, fair, bright, serene (class.; esp. freq. in the poets; cf. sudus).

Lit.: cum tonuit laevum bene tempestate serenā, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 39, 82 (Ann. v. 517 Vahl.):

caelo sereno,

Lucr. 6, 247; Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2; Verg. G. 1, 260; 1, 487; id. A. 3, 518; Hor. Epod. 15, 1; id. S. 2, 4, 51; Ov. M. 1, 168; 2, 321 et saep.; cf.:

de parte caeli,

Lucr. 6, 99:

in regione caeli,

Verg. A. 8, 528.— Comp.:

caelo perfruitur sereniore,

Mart. 4, 64, 6; cf.

also: o nimium caelo et pelago confise sereno,

Verg. A. 5, 870:

postquam ex tam turbido die serena et tranquilla lux rediit,

Liv. 1, 16, 2:

luce,

Verg. A. 5, 104:

lumen (solis),

Lucr. 2, 150:

nox,

id. 1, 142; Cic. Rep. 1, 15, 23; Verg. G. 1, 426:

sidera,

Lucr. 4, 212:

facies diei,

Phaedr. 4, 16, 5:

species mundi,

Lucr. 4, 134:

aër,

Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 222:

ver,

Verg. G. 1, 340:

aestas,

id. A. 6, 707:

stella,

Ov. F. 6, 718 et saep.:

color (opp. nubilus),

bright, clear, Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 107:

aqua (with candida),

Mart. 6, 42, 19:

vox,

Pers. 1, 19.— Transf., of a wind that clears the sky, that brings fair weather: hic Favonius serenu'st, istic Auster imbricus, * Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 35; hence, also, poet.:

unde serenas Ventus agat nubes,

Verg. G. 1, 461.—

As subst.: sĕrēnum, i, n., a clear, bright, or serene sky, fair weather (not in Cic.):

ponito pocillum in sereno noctu,

during a fine night, Cato, R. R. 156, 3;

more freq. simply sereno: Priverni sereno per diem totum rubrum solem fuisse,

Liv. 31, 12, 5; 37, 3, 2:

quare et sereno tonat,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 18; Plin. 11, 24, 28, § 84 (opp. nubilo), Pall. 1, 30, 3; Luc. 1, 530:

liquido ac puro sereno,

Suet. Aug. 95:

nitido sereno,

Sil. 5, 58:

cottidie serenum cum est,

Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 4:

laesique fides reditura sereni,

Stat. S. 3, 1, 81:

serenum nitidum micat,

Mart. 6, 42, 8.— Plur.:

caeli serena Concutiat sonitu,

Lucr. 2, 1100:

soles et aperta serena,

Verg. G. 1, 393:

nostra,

Val. Fl. 1, 332.—

Trop.

Cheerful, glad, joyous, tranquil, serene (syn.:

laetus, tranquillus, secundus): vita,

Lucr. 2, 1094 Lachm.:

horae (with albus dies),

Sil. 15, 53: rebus serenis servare modum, in propitious or favorable circumstances, in good fortune, id. 8, 546:

vultus,

Lucr. 3, 293; Cat. 55, 8; Hor. C. 1, 37, 26; Ov. Tr. 1, 5, 27:

frons tranquilla et serena,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 15, 31:

pectora processu facta serena tuo,

Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 40:

animus,

id. ib. 1, 1, 39:

oculi,

Sil. 7, 461:

Augustus,

Ov. P. 2, 2, 65:

laetitia,

Just. 44, 2, 4:

imperium,

Sil. 14, 80:

res,

id. 8, 546:

sereno vitae tempore,

Auct. Her. 4, 48, 61:

vita,

Lucr. 2, 1094:

temperatus (sanguis) medium quoddam serenum efficit,

Quint. 11, 3, 78; cf.:

tandem aliquid, pulsā curarum nube serenum Vidi,

Ov. P. 2, 1, 5.—

SERENVS, an epithet of Jupiter (whose brow was always serene), Inscr. Murat. 1978, 5; cf. Serenator;

hence, Martial calls Domitian: Jovem serenum,

Mart. 5, 6, 9; 9, 25, 3.—

Serenissimus, a title of the Roman emperors, Cod. Just. 5, 4, 23.

Sĕrēnus, i, m.; Sĕrēna, ae, f. [1. serenus], a proper name.

Q. Serenus Sammonicus, a physician under Septimius Severus, Spart. Get. 5, 5; Macr. 3, 16, 6.—

Q. Serenus Sammonicus, son of the preceding, author of a poem, De Medicina, still extant, Lampr. Alex. 30, 2; cf. Teuffel's Roem. Lit. 379, 4.—

Serena, the wife of Stilicho, and mother-in-law of the emperor Honorius, celebrated by Claudian in a special poem (Laus Serenae Reginae).